Payment for Living Organ Donation Should Be Legalized

The first argument of those who oppose payment for living organ donation is that once money is inserted into the issue of organ donation, it possibly creates uncontrollable and unregulated markets in which the poor, who ultimately need money, would be obviously exploited (Delmonico 2004), and in which the human body would become merchandise (Shapiro 20). Opponents point out that the poor are more likely to take any jobs that have a higher risk of death and go against their beliefs in a way they can to get money. Thus, it might be true that they would also be more likely to donate their organs in exchange for payment. Besides, rich individuals are able to abuse that weakness to exploit poor individuals to obtain their organs. However, these claims are highly questionable. When the government bans on the transfer of organs for valuable consideration, the international black markets in organs have been insidiously established and have rapidly developed (Friedman 746). In fact, the pract ice of those markets defiantly exploits the poor, because most of the organs are usually taken from the poor in indigent Third World countries (Shapiro 20). As an example, kidneys which have come from the poor in some parts of India have been often sold to the wealth in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, the Gulf States, especially, the United Kingdom and the United States (â€Å"Illegal Organ Trafficking Poses A Global Problem†). Generally, it is estimated that each year, there are 200 to 300 organs transferredShow MoreRelatedImplicit Concerns For The Legalization Of The Organ Sale1347 Words   |  6 PagesImplicit Concerns for the Legalization of the Organ Sale With the increasing need of organs for medical treatment, illegal organ black markets have become more rampant. Under such circumstances, the public debate over whether the government should legalize the sale of living human organs is fiercer. In Joanna MacKay’s essay Organ Sales Will Save Lives, she states that the government should legalize the sale of organs, since the legalization would benefit both the sellers and the buyers. MoreoverRead MoreBodily Products Should Not Be Marketable773 Words   |  3 PagesOrgans play an important role in the functioning of the human body. We are born with them, and they work throughout our lives to keep us alive and well. Some people aren’t so lucky and may have an organ dysfunction or health issue that requires them to get an organ transplant. In this case, a donor whose tissue cells match the recipient’s must be the one to donate. However, this process could take from a few days to a few years since there are many people on the waiting list. This provokes the controversialRead MoreOrgan Donation : An Ethical And Effective Way Of Ethnic923 Words   |  4 Pagespropagandas are accustomed to coat the organ transplant and donation with the sense of ethnic. As time goes by, organ donation has become a volunteered action in some degree, and the lack of organs for transplanting reflects people’s unwillingness to donate without any incentive. Consequently, human have to admit that the altruism is just a romantic beautification of humanity. In my opinion, paid organ donation is an ethical and effective way to increase organ supply. Nowadays, many countries takeRead MoreHuman Organs Should Be Sold808 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a great controversy worldwide concerning the sale of humans organs. Some people believe that humans organs should only be donated but others believe humans organs should be sold. The way that people address this issue is deeply rooted in their beliefs. It is easy for people to be against the sale of humans organs who do not have someone in their family begging for an organs transplants. For example: Imagine someone close to you, or even a member of your family needs a kidney transplant.Read MoreA Generous Gift or Financial Incentive?973 Words   |  4 Pagesdemand for organ donors far exceeds the supply of available organs. According to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) †¦ there are more than 77,000 people in the U.S. who are waiting to receive an organ (Organ Selling 1). The article goes on to say that the majority of those on the national organ transplant waiting lis t are in need of kidneys, an overwhelming 50,000 people. Although financial gain in the U.S and in most countries is illegal, by legalizing and structuring a scale for organ donorRead MoreProposal Essay - Organ Selling1500 Words   |  6 Pagesappears to be living well has a helpless, poor victim held down, relentlessly beating them to the ground and taking what little they have left for their own advantage and benefit. What would be the right thing to do; run away or try to help, either by stepping in or calling the proper authorities? The morally ethical thing to do would be to help and do what has to be done to stand up for what is right. This same general scenario is happening not too far from this country, where organ brokers are victimizingRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Essay1551 Words   |  7 PagesIm worth about $300,000 on the organ market. The organ trade is one of the fastest growing and least enforced trafficking crimes throughout the globe today (Glazer 341). Sarah Gla zer claims in Organ Trafficking that 5,000 to 10,000 of the 100,000 transplanted organs are obtained illegally each year (341). Although the laws passed and organizations founded have delayed the escalation of organ trafficking, the selling and distribution of compensated organs should remain illegal and suppressed beyondRead MoreOrgan Transplantation Is The Surgical Removal And Transfer1931 Words   |  8 PagesOrgan transplantation is the surgical removal and transfer of an organ from one body to another (Kanniyakoni, 2005). The process begins with someone needing an organ transplant, then being put on a waiting list. Once a patient is added to the national organ transplant waiting list, the individual may receive an organ fairly quickly or may wait many years. In general, the average time frame is three to five years at most centers. Waiting time is also dependent upon certain factors such as a patientRead MoreHuman Organs Should Be Banned2265 Words   |  10 Pagesyour life i n anticipation for a human organ when you could purchase the right match and start living your life? Day in and day out people around the world pass away before they can even have the chance to live. Usually the waiting list exceeds the amount of organs available. Nevertheless, the sales of human organs should be legalized in the hopes that people have a chance to live. Organ sale—for example, allowing or encouraging consenting adults to become living kidney donors in return for money—hasRead MoreOrgan Shortage1895 Words   |  8 PagesThe organ shortage: To market, or not to market? Organ transplantation is a term that most people are familiar with. When a person develops the need for a new organ either due to an accident or disease, they receive a transplant, right? No, that s not always right. When a person needs a new organ, they usually face a long term struggle that they may never see the end of, at least while they are alive. The demand for transplant organs is a challenging problem that many people are working to

Super U Supply Chain Management - 1117 Words

which activities are managed is significant for a company s success. Moreover, the supply chain management is crucial within a firm s processes since it incorporates activities in which intermediate goods and final products are given to consumers through a distribution system. It is important to analyse it and take into consideration that this subject matter has a great impact within business procedures. The main objective of our project is to study System U North West s supply chain management. This analysis could be made because of an interview with the Product Manager, Mr. Ledu. Also, it is intended to use the concepts and knowledge learned in Operations Management and apply them into real life. It is significant to note that we†¦show more content†¦Therefore, they are responsible that the fresh products arrive on time, at a good temperature and with a solid packaging. Also, they have to make sure that the sell date has not been exceeded and that expired products should be destroyed. Logistic Process Process System U North West is the central purchasing center since it supplies the super market store chain in the Normandie, Northern and Parisian regions. The market store chain is formed by Marchà © U, System U and Hyper U. This central core deals with the reception and delivers orders of five warehouses. These are managed through the informatics systems of Carpiquet and Beuzeville. Furtheremore, Carpiquet is in charge of the fresh products and Beuzeville for the dry ones. Moreover, the high availability vision system is developed in these two places. The receipted orders in the morning have to be delivered the same day. A delay in the delivery could have significant costs and heavily financial loss. This would create dissatisfaction within customers and be prejudicial for the company. Moreover, for the warehouse of Beuzeville which has an entirely informatics system, a durable stop of the system could provoke a break of the picking area (area in which products are stocked), and consequently some inventory costs on the 30 000 m2 of stock, and one or two immobilization days before starting again the activity. After doing a study of the risks and the impacts ofShow MoreRelatedStrategic Planning on Imtiaz Supermarket2912 Words   |  12 PagesDeficiency | Human Resource Management | Marketing / Brand Management | Supply Chain Management | IT/E-Commerce | * High Employee Turnover * Continuous Recruiting * Lack of Training * Stressful Environment | * Improper Marketing Campaign * Instable Pricing | * Warehousing * Improper Merchandising * Poor Fixtures amp; Density * Lack of Space | * Official Website * Lack of electronic cash counters * Lack of Retail and Inventory management software. | PreliminaryRead MoreNintendos Strategic Decision For New Market Space1707 Words   |  7 Pagestreat every customer with attention, consideration and respect.† (SOURCE 1) In this way, Nintendo’s operations are largely based around catering to the demands of the consumer through continuous improvement. When assessing Nintendo’s operational management, it is necessary to take their corporate â€Å"Blue Ocean† strategy and demand-based inventory production into consideration as well. Correspondingly, this report will analyze Nintendo’s operational decisions in the context of whether they have benefittedRead MoreEnterprise Resource Systems for Kroger2111 Words   |  9 Pages Anne-Marie Hughes Caroline Sawyer Ed Przezdecki Adam Jesse Introduction In business, it is important for companies to be able to communicate effectively. Each department of a company relies on the other departments as they add to the value chain. One way for a company to integrate its different departments is enterprise resource planning. ERPs are software programs that allow companies to join together data across operations on a company wide basis (Jessup and Valacich 248). ERPs store companyRead MoreDisaster Management Communications Plan - Case Study, Nevis2867 Words   |  12 Pageslikely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a hazard. Vulnerability can be changed via prevention, mitigation and development activities. RISK The probability that a disaster will occur given the hazard and vulnerability. DISASTER MANAGEMENT A collective term encompassing all aspects of planning for and responding to disasters, including both pre- and post disaster activities. It refers to both the risk and consequences of a disaster. DEVELOPMENT The cumulative and lasting increaseRead MoreThe Supply Chain Of Walmart Essay2572 Words   |  11 PagesResearch on the supply chain of Walmart 2 CARREFOUR CHAIN IN THE EUROPEAN MARKET Carrefour chain in the European market By James Rock A Research Project Submitted to the Worldwide Campus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Of Course LGMT 685, the Management Science Course For Master in Logistics and Supply Chain Management Degree Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University September 2016 Researcher: James Rock Title: Carrefour chain in the European market Institution: Embry-RiddleRead MorePorters Five Force on Tesco Plc Essay examples3213 Words   |  13 Pagescompetitors where Tesco lies at the market leading position followed by ASDA, Sainsbury’s and Safeway. So in grocery sector, Tesco has a high market position in comparison to other. Over all 70% the grocery market has been abducted by these super market chains. Small chains of supermarket like Somerfield, Waitrose and Budgens have 10% market share (Clarke, Bennison, Guy, 1994). This clarifies that the grocery market has been transformed into the supermarket dominated business (Ritz, 2005). Since, TescoRead MoreMarketing-Fyne Company2306 Words   |  10 PagesReferences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦. .14 ` 8. Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.15 INRODUCTION: Fyna Foods Ltd. is a food manufacturing company. Fyna Foods Ltd. got the contract to provide their new Supa-Long French fries to Beefies Hamburger Chain two months ago. Besides having the opportunity to generate the revenue, it also brings the problem with the excess quantity of potatoes which have been leftover. Fred Fahr, General Manager of Fyna Foods Ltd. comes up with an idea to produce a new breakfastRead MoreImplementation and Use of ERP Systems18074 Words   |  72 PagesValue Creation 14 ERP à » Echo System 15 ERP Core Business Processes at our Business Units 16 ERP VALUE GENERATION FOR BUSINESS ABC UNITS 18 Chapter 23: Research Context and Literature Study 19 ERP AND GLOBAL COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE: 21 ERP systems in alliance with Competitive Intelligence in E-Business environments: 22 Business Research 24 USE OF ERP IN CORPORATE LOGISTICS: 25 How does ERP help minimize the cost of Supply Chain? 27 USE OF ERP IN MINIMIZINGRead MoreEssay Airpork Case Study Analysis Report2742 Words   |  11 PagesSingapore. Due to the domestic preference of fresh meat, pigs were imported alive. 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Music Appreciation Elements of Music Essay Example For Students

Music Appreciation Elements of Music Essay Pitch, Dynamics and Duration. Tone Color also known as timbre pertains to the distinguishing attributes of one voice or instrument from another. A good example is the tone difference between a saxophone and a guitar, or even between a nylon and steel string guitars. Pitch mainly has to do with the relative highness or the lowness of a sound. It is determined by the frequency of the vibration of sound. Smaller objects (shorter strings) produce high pitch notes while larger objects or longer tiring produce low pitch notes. Dynamics is the loudness or softness of a musical sound. Dynamics is a result of the amplification of a vibration. When a tone is amplified louder than the tones that accompany it we call that accent. Duration is the amount of time that a musical note is played. The longest time a note is played is known as a whole note and it takes four counts in a bar. A variation of time and how they are played creates beats and rhythm. 2. The six main categories of musical instruments are; Strings instruments which include the violin and the double bass. We will write a custom essay on Music Appreciation Elements of Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The violin is among instruments played by drawing a bow over the strings, while the double bass is in the group of those played by plucking the strings with the fingers or plectra (Pizzicato). String instruments can produce more than one note at a time. Woodwind instruments such as the clarinet can only play one note at a time and are usually for melodic solos. Woodwind instruments such as the saxophone and the oboe rely on reeds to produce their sounds. Brass instruments are such as the trumpet of which the sounds are produced from the musicians lips as they blow into the funnel heaped mouth pieces. Percussions are mainly instruments that are struck by hand using a stick of some sort. Examples of such instruments are the xylophone, the glockenspiel, and the bass drums which are struck with two hammers. The piano is a perfect example of the category of instruments known as keyboards. The keyboards produce their sound when vibrating strings held under tension by an iron frame are struck by a felt-covered hammer. Pressing any of the keys on the piano causes the hammer to strike the strings. The piano also has three leg pedals that allow the layer the produce various tonal effects. Synthesizers are instruments that are among those that electronically produce and amplify sound. They generate, modify and control sound allowing for a wide range of tone, pitch, and duration. Most synthesizers can be made to produce the desired sounds by means of keyboards. Symphony orchestras contain string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments. Sometimes keyboards are also added in such orchestras. 3. Longing by Richard Wagner starts off moderately soft but in manner that reshows a sense of urgency, looming conflict or storm. It begins with the string and woodwind sections playing relatively soft notes but with short durations that are accompanied by the accentuated intermittent beats of the drums and cymbals and the double bass. That gradually leads to the brass section playing louder and the Music Appreciation Elements of Music By Unarmed playing in a staccato creating a sense of anger, confusion and turmoil. Then the mood suddenly changes to mellow and calm as the woodwind section lead the others into a soft and slow tempo. All instruments are played in a similar manner during this part of the composition. The dynamics of the music again abruptly changes as the loud brass and percussion sections heighten the sense of unrest and anger as before. After a slight moment where the orchestra almost sounds like it is coming to a complete silence, all the sections once again play louder but with a slower tempo and notes being played for longer durations, and that leads to the resolution of the musical piece. For me, the music signified the contrasts in human life, the ups and he downs, anger and frustration, the serene and calm moments. .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc , .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .postImageUrl , .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc , .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc:hover , .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc:visited , .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc:active { border:0!important; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc:active , .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc66dd1470cf21c15ebe4016fba45fcfc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of West End Blues by Louis Armstrong EssayIn the rhythm and the beats, I imagined of how things could change abruptly or gradually. 4. Take the A Train is an upbeat Jazz piece to which the dominant brass section gives a brilliant and merry mood. The bass and drum also contribute to this feeling with their steady and constant beat. The loud and high pitched trumpets, the flurry of piano solos, the fast and seemingly carefree drum rolls all contribute to give one the impression that this is a song about enjoying a beautiful sunny day, anticipation, excitement and looking forward to something good. . Identifying all the instruments in The Young Persons Guide To The O rchestra was not easy. The orchestra however was comprised of string, woodwind, brass and percussion sections. Within these, I recognized number of instruments. I heard the timpani, tuba, oboe, trumpets, double bass, cymbals, viola, violin, cello, the bass drum, triangle, xylophone, castanets, bells, and a snare drum being played with brushes. The Young Persons Guide To The Orchestra has a repetitive melody. It appears that the different instruments strings, the woodwinds, brass and percussions are playing that same melody one after the other as would athletes in a relay race. I felt it was a very Jovial music which represented the characteristics of inquisitiveness, learning, sometimes fear to proceed, and sometimes the eagerness to advance quicker. I imagined the feelings of failure when the music was very soft and played at a slow tempo, and yet again I also experienced the triumph when the dynamics changed louder, the tempo was faster and the brass section was dominant.

Performer Driver’s

Questions: Describe the project, the approach that was taken at the time and the lessons learnt through reflective practice of Performer driver isn project management capacity. Refer to specific reflective tools and techniques using the guide book attached. Demonstrate a focus on the reflective aspect of how the project was managed and using performance drivers methodology, be able to demonstrate an improved outcome if this approach had been applied to the project selected. Also see additional paper Writing on Project Management supplied by the Editor of the Project Manager for additional requirements. Answers: Abstract This report is constructed with an aim of understanding how performance based metrics as a method for measuring of performance can be used in combination with project management principles and methodologies so as to improve the project performance. The report covers the basics of one of the chosen method that is widely used by organization for measuring performance in business and the same is called Balanced Score Card. The perspectives of balanced score card are bring applied to the project management framework so as to develop a methodology that empowers project management practice by enabling comprehensive performance control process through the use of strategic metrics in addition to traditional performance measurement methods used in practice. For a practical understanding of how BSC can be used with project management, a customized methodology called Adjusted Balanced Score Card that was identified and the same was used for planning the performance control for an identified IT project. The project involves development of an ecommerce learning portal for which ABSC was used as the measuring tool for project progress such that the same could be used for monitoring project progress in an efficient manner. The report contains details of a real project with step by step process that was used for development of project balanced score card. Further, the report would present reflections on what was learned when the theories of BSC were applied to the real project case in a company for the management and monitoring of an IT project. The reflection would also include an understanding of the practical aspects of ABSC and how the same could be utilized in future projects. Introduction As per the Wall Street Journal, around 42% of IT projects are abandoned before they could be completed. Every year, American organizations together face over $105 of losses because of project failure. While traditional project success was measured only considered only the operational outcome, the success is actually affected in other ways as well. Some major barriers that lead to such high rate of failure of projects are lack of understanding of strategy, management impacts and of people but they were not been a part of assessment in tradition methods of project success measurement. While project managers can talk about the ability of a project to get deliveries within schedule and within allotted costs, they struggle to identify if the project has delivered its strategic value to the company. Main reason behind this challenge was that strategy was an intangible object and thus, could not be measured in monetary terms and this inability to convert strategic perspective into measureab le dimensions was making it difficult for project managers to assess the strategic performance of a project. (Norrie, 2014). In the discipline of project management, as assessment of project with respect its performance is traditionally done by exploring the impacts of and on its triple constraints including time, cost and quality. However, over the years of development project management principles, a need has been realized to have an added dimension of project management when considering its outcome. This suggested use of performance based measures for analyzing the outputs of a project. The traditional performance measures including triple constrains only measure the product outcome of a project. However, there is more to a project than a product. It is more of an experience that is delivered to the stakeholders of a project. Thus, stakeholder management has become a widely used practice wile assessing a project methodology. Stakeholder benefits lead to customer satisfaction which can build upon competitive advantage for the brand and the goodwill can then convert into financial rewards for an organization or a brand. This has led to a surge in demand for measurement of stakeholder satisfaction which can be done by using certain performance based measures like Balance Score Card which allowed measuring of not just the tangible assets in terms of money, which was done in traditional methods for measuring project outcome, but also made way to including tangible outcomes in assessment by attaching monetary value to the same. Figure 1: On Strategy With the use of BSC, an organization can assess its project form multiple perspectives including financial, customer specific, process and growth. It also allows for determination of the cause and effect relationships between different dimensions of a project. This is possible as the method allows a company to have an established measure for every goal of the project as well as all the initiatives that lead to development of the project. Also, the use of BSC modifies the triple constraints triangle by including strategy as one deliverable such that a project is considered successful only when it delivers good quality, on time, within budget and on-strategy. Balance Score Card Balance Score Card is a framework that is used for translating the vision and strategy of an organization into operational terms and provides a balanced measure of all the perspectives that exist on a project including financial, customer, internal and growth perspectives. When applying the principles of Balance Score Card, a P-BSC may be prepared addressing all key issues of project and needs of its stakeholders with objectives to reduce risks and assure alignment of project to organizations strategic outcome. BSC deals with four perspectives of a project that include customer, financial, internal business processes and learning growth. Customer perspective deals with understanding of customer who is made the focus of business processes that are practiced with an aim to satisfy their needs. When considering this perspective, performance of a project can be measured using customer centric metrics such as lead time and quality of project outcome. Financial perspective explores data on risk assessment, funding, cost-benefit, cash flow, market share, growth, revenues, operational expenses, asset turnover and so on. Internal perspective involve managers into the working of the project and usually involves checking if higher level targets are successfully decomposed to convert to clear targets for decision making and actions for lower level of the staff. Learning and growth perspective involves learning of employees, their training provisions, corporate culture, communication, self-improvement strategies and so on. Success of project would be measured by ability of a company to innovate and learn continuously(KAZI, RADOSAV, NIKOLI, CHOTALIYA, 2011). To understand how BSC can be used for specific projects, a discipline of IT project management can be chosen to build focus for a better understanding. In case of IT projects, several researchers in the area of project management including Alleman (2003) and Brock (2003) have suggested integration of BSC and PM to create a balanced approach to project management. A framework called Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (CObiT) is been widely used on software and IT projects for linking business goals to IT goals and obtaining performance measurement metrics based on BSC framework. Several project management methodologies have been combined with BSC principles this way to create modified methodologies such as Agile Balanced scorecard that puts emphasis on measurement of teamwork, reliability, performance and velocity of key business metric categories. Another approach for using BSC in IT projects is taken in the Adjusted BSC Framework which adjusts the components of BSC to make way for improvement of performance of an IT project. This modified the perspectives including Finance to consider project costing, customers perspective to stakeholder perspective, learning including focus to specific areas like quality and risk and internal processes referring to project processes. This added some metrics to project management performance measurement such as Lag Indicators like Earned Value Management (EVM), Budget Variance analysis, lead indicators and so on. Figure 2: Strategy Map Example When using BSC in combination with the Project management disciplines, a strategic value can be added to the project which improves the shareholder value of a project. A stakeholder value can be created with improvements in revenues and in productivity at the same time. Various perspectives of BSC can add to this value creation process at each stage. As per the strategy map model defined by Kaplan and Norton, learning and development provide the key inputs to internal processes that are made to work in alignment with the customer value proposition to achieve operational excellence, customer intimacy and product leadership which in turn affects the financial performance of the organization. The involvement of different perspectives defined in the BSC methods reveal the importance of intangible elements like employee competencies, leadership skills, corporate culture, and so on and also allows create metrics for each of these to measure the performance of a project through conversion o f the intangible elements into numeric value metrics allowing an efficient and clear monitoring of progress of the project. A balance scorecard on one side adds four perspectives of a project in its monitoring process, on the other side it defines specific objectives, measures, targets and strategic actions required for each of those perspectives. This allows a project manager to understand how a strategy can be formulated for specific perspective, how the progress could be measured in order to achieve specific objectives, what are the target values that can be used for measurement of the progress and what specific actions are required to achieve set objectives in a project. Some examples of the measures include ROI which is a financial measure, market share which is customer perspective, on-time delivery makes internal process perspective and employee turnover deals with learning and growth perspective(Snapka Copikova, 2011). Guiding Principles of BSC Kaplan also defines some guiding principles for using best practices of BSC in case of projects. These include: Translation of strategy into operational terms: For an organization to perform, the value it provides must exceed the sum of the value provided by its specific parts that are linked through an organizational strategy. In the reporting structure on a project, thus, strategic themes must be embedded. The BSC does not act as a strategy formulation tool but only makes a presentation of the complete view of strategy and thus, these steps have to be completed before a BSC can be made. Organization to be aligned with strategy: To be able to use the BSC efficiently, a number of strategic themes may be developed that may be complementing or supporting other themes in a way to create a balance in the organization. Themes can be identified by identifying strategic outcomes and by dividing the strategy into general categories of different projects. Every strategic theme must have own hypothesis and cause and effect relationships. With strategic themes, corporate roles involving creation of value for each business unit must also be identified. Strategy must be responsibility of everyone and not just strategy or project manager: Scorecard allows cascading of lower level departmental scores but it would not serve the purpose if the employees do not buy in and thus, for BSC to deliver successful results, employees have to understand the value and importance of BSC for the project. Further, to keep them motivated and interested in the use of BSC, personalized balanced score cards can be prepared to be a part of their proposal. Before a strategy can be practically launched, these employees need to be trained as well as be used for testing of specific strategies. Strategic objectives must be embedded into various aspects of organization: Strategic objectives can be embedded into individual personal and team objectives of a project to able to make them aligned with the BSC key objective of the project. This can be done in several ways such as by using super bowl approach which involves creation of awareness about the importance of achieving targets for employees, strategic initiatives alignment through linking of routine jobs with projects, integration with planning, integration with Human resource, and so on(Murby Gould, 2005). BSC in IT Project: Case Study For the purpose of practical understanding of use of BSC with Project Management practice, an actual IT project that involved development and implementation of ecommerce learning portal for B2C business has been studied. The project life cycle had 7 major phases including requirement gathering, designing and portal development, content development, e-learning portal establishment, pilot testing, production strategy and continuous improvement. ABSC framework was implemented to manage and assess the performance of the project that began with defining of project objectives and linking of the same with every phase of the project life cycle. The identified objectives for the development of e-learning portal included: Increasing the penetration of deliveries by reaching out to a wider audience Facilitation of online learning for skills upgrading in ecommerce domain Making learning affordable by reducing costs by 50% Based on these objectives, performance indicators were identified. For increasing delivery penetration, activities that were required to be done included requirement gathering which could be completed by taking sign-off, development of multi-language capability, and set of an easy interface that could be measured for its performance through testing. For improving availability of services for learning skills, designing were to be done next and specific features that were to be implemented were scheduled. For continuous development of ecommerce knowledge base in the field of ecommerce, the infrastructure that was to develop was required to be both robust and scalable with a content management system with capability to manage updates with ease. For reduction in learning cost of the customers using the portal, the project manager decides to use fixed price per participant model using shared services. For the measurement of the above mentioned objectives for understanding their achievement and performance of the project, a traceability matrix with respect to major project phases including requirement gathering, design and development and testing could be prepared as follows: Project objectives Requirement Gathering Portal Design and development Testing Increasing delivery penetration Project Sign off Multi-lingual capabilities User testing Availability of features for anytime learning Multiple indicators Reduction in costs of learning Multiple indicators Once, the objectives were clarified with understanding of their relationships within each phase, the next step of project management in the ABSC approach was to develop Lag Indicators. These indicators could be identified for each perspective of ABSC including finance, stakeholders, process and learning. Lag indicators would be used for defining if the project went as per planned schedule or within budget. The lag indicators that were identified were considered for measurement of performance through the use of certain target measures for these specific knowledge areas including cost and risk as described in the table below: PM Knowledge areas Objectives Indicator Target Measure Cost Less than 5% of cost overrun CPI Less than 1.05 Risk Less than 5% of risk impact High risk items with over USD10,000 cost to be monitored Less than 3 such items facing risks Just as lag indicators identified problems in the project related to cost and schedule, lead indicators were used for understanding achievements of the project. This involved an understanding of requirements of all business users, assurance of sign off with requirements of each process owner incorporated, conducting training sessions for e-learning and limited iterations. Objective Lag Indicator Target Measure Responsibility Requirement Gathering Sign off with all requirements of process owners included Within 5 working days after submission Process owner All team members participated and all requirements obtained 100% Project Management team No incomplete or partially complete information Forms, templates and user reviews collection Project Team and end users Just as the lag indicators were mapped against each perspective of ABSC, lead indicators could also be mapped using same technique. Once all indicators were identified, the next step that was followed was combining of these indicators for establishing a cause and effect relationship between each of the measures, perspectives and project knowledge areas. This included understanding of how these indicators related to each project phase. For instance, sign off requirement which is one of the indicators in the requirement gathering phase could result into scope creep if not management properly affecting other project knowledge areas such as time, cost and risks. Based on these relationships, the indicators with high impacts on project, in case the indicators are not managed well, can be tracked as identified in the following table: Lead Indicator Effects (Impact) Impact Objectives Sign off Time overrun Incomplete requirements Incomplete information Quality; testing; high risk items Service delivery Cost of delivery Once, all the above steps were fulfilled, it enabled project manager of the e-learning portal project to monitor the project progress against each of the identified objectives, performance indicators and targets in an integrated manner that allowed them to track progress with full understanding of relationships between different elements which allowed good management of stakeholder expectations(Vasudevan, 2012). A comprehensive Adjusted Balanced Score Card can be prepared by using each of these measures including all perspectives, objectives, measures, and targets. This comprehensive scorecard would then make it possible for a project manager to have a complete strategic view of the project and use the same for monitoring its progress. Update strategy with revision Strategy BSC Feedback Vision Goals Themes Financial Perspective Minimum Expenses and Maximum return Objectives Minimum expenses Measures: CPI Targets: Minimum CPI Stakeholder Perspective Resource Availability Stakeholder expectations Objectives: Requirement gathering Measures: Requirement sign off Targets: all member participation Input to decision Making Internal Perspective Management of processes Objectives: Reduce risks; ensure compliance; manage change Compare results Measures: Scope creep; High risk items; compliance, planned iterations Targets: Less than 5% scope creep, cost overrun, schedule overrun; less than 3 high risk items; OPA compliance; less than 2 iterations Learning and Growth Perspective Continuous learning Objectives: Knowledge base Measures: Lessons learnt database for future use Targets: record quality issues, lessons learned, lead practices Operational Decision Making Conclusions This report was created for studying performance based measurement methods used in business context by applying the same to the project management practice and understand the impact or improvements that can be brought about with this combination of the two disciplines. IT was found that major project failure were caused because of incapability of project organizations to achieve strategic results as there was a lack on the methods that could be used for measuring strategic performance as it was an intangible measure. It was found that BSC, a widely used method in the area of strategic management provide this capability of measuring intangible areas of a project and thus, the same was applied to a specific case of IT project to understand how BSC could be used for making project monitoring and performance measurement process more efficient. The case was studied with the use of Adjusted Balanced Score card, a method defined for the use of BSC in project management practice. There were other performance based methods as well other approaches to incorporation of BSC perspectives on project but ABSC provided a simplified learning which is why it was chosen to understand a specific case of the project. References Bonham, S. (2008).Actionable strategies through integrated performance, process, project, and risk management. Boston: Artech House. Julian, J. (2010).Facilitating project performance improvement. New York: AMACOM. Kerzner, H. (n.d.).Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards. Lal, H. (2008).Organizational excellence through total quality management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Malathi, E. (2014).Balance Score Card. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Muller, R. (2009).Project governance. Farnham, UK: Gower. KAZI, L., RADOSAV, D., NIKOLI, M., CHOTALIYA, N. (2011). BALANCED SCORECARD FRAMEWORK IN SOFTWARE PROJECT MONITORING. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS (JEMC), 51-56. Murby, L., Gould, S. (2005). Effective Performance Management with the Balanced Scorecard. London: CIMA. Norrie, J. (2014). Using the Balance Score Card to Enhance PPM Methodology. PMI. Snapka, P., Copikova, A. (2011). Balanced Scorecard and Compensation. International Conference on Business and Economics Research (pp. 43-46). Singapore: IACSIT Press. Vasudevan, I. (2012). Project performance management using balanced score card (BSC) approach. PMI global network.

Death Of A Hero Essays - Ancient Greek Theatre, Literary Genres

Death Of A Hero Death of a Hero Ryan Connelly February 20, 2001 Ib/AP English D.O.A.S. essay Is there anything that can evoke more emotion from an audience than a hero's downfall? The most effective plays in history, from Oedipus , the most famous of all tragedies, to plays like Romeo and Juliet , tragedies are always the plays with the greatest emotional impact on an audience. There are many critics who believe that tragedies can no longer be effectively written in today's world. These critics believe that the tragic mode is archaic, fit only for the very highly placed, the kings or the kingly and therefore cannot realistically exist in the modern world (Tragedy 1). Tragedy is possible in the modern world. In fact, modern tragedy has the potential to affect an audience even more than archaic tragedies, but only if the tragic hero is an average man, whose downfall can be linked to man's quest to belong in society. To examine modern tragedy, there is no better author to look at than Arthur Miller. His play, Death of a Salesman is indeed one of the finest modern tragedies to date, and his paper, Tragedy and the Common Man, gives excellent insight on the aforementioned play, and has become the definition on modern tragedy. By examining these two works, one can determine if indeed, modern tragedy to Millers definition exists in Millers play. One of the major arguments against modern tragedy is that all previous tragic characters were the kings or kingly, and where this admission is not made in so many words, it is often implied( Tragedy 1). Willy Loman is past sixty years of age, dressed quietly. Even as he crosses the stage to the doorway of his house, his exhaustion is apparent... A word-sigh escapes his lips-it might be ' Oh, boy, oh, boy'( Death 12). Willy Loman is in no way a regal, kingly figure, as classical tragedy dictates. According to Miller, common man is as apt a subject for tragedy ...as kings were... In the light of modern psychiatry, which bases its analysis upon classic formulations... which apply to everyone in similar emotional situations( Tragedy 1). According to Miller, an Oedipus complex, although originally portrayed by a King, could as easily be transferred to any character to be a tragic hero in today's world. Willy, in the play, as well as any character, is described by his virtues. The following quote is almost like a description of Willys virtues; I think tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life, if need be, to secure one thing-his sense of personal dignity... to gain his 'rightful' place in society( Tragedy 1). The entire play is the story of Willys quest to gain his niche in society. Willy believes he deserves to be wealthy, well liked, and respected. Willy decides the only way he can 'preserve his dignity' and gain his 'societal niche' is by committing suicide; It's twenty thousand dollars... guaranteed... Ben, the funeral will be massive!( Death 126). A powerful feeling is felt in the audience when they see Willys only option is suicide. The society which he worked so hard to be a part of let him down, and this is why modern tragedy is so good at stirring an audiences feelings, because the downfall of the hero is so real a possibility. It is not some king with a fatal flaw, it is the guy next door. Willy believed he could have his dream. He thought he could get a job with Howard in the city, be well liked. He thought Biff and Happy were going to work together in the city. The possibility of victory must be there in tragedy. Where pathos rules, where pathos rules, where pathos is finally derived, a character has fought a battle he could not possibly have won. Willy could never have won this battle, both internal and external, which drove him to suicide. He could not change the world, he could not change himself, but his belief that he could is what made him a tragic character. In the play, Linda Loman said the following quote, which is an exact description of the audiences

Celebrating Dr. Seusss Birthday with Your Classroom

Celebrating Dr. Seusss Birthday with Your Classroom On March 2nd, schools across the United States observe the birthday of one of the most beloved childrens authors of our time, Dr. Seuss. Children celebrate and honor his birthday by participating in fun activities, playing games, and reading his much-adored books. Here are a few activities and ideas to help you celebrate this best-selling authors birthday with your students. Create a Pen Name The world knows him as Dr. Seuss, but what people may not know is that was only his pseudonym, or pen name. His birth name was Theodor Seuss Geisel. He also used the pen names Theo LeSieg (his last name Geisel spelled backward) and Rosetta Stone. He used these names because he was forced to resign from his post as editor-in-chief of his colleges humor magazine, and the only way he could continue writing for it was by using a pen name. ​​ For this activity, have your students come up with their own pen names. Remind students that a pen name is a false name that authors use so people will not find out their real identities. Then, have students write Dr. Seuss-inspired short stories and sign their works with their pen names. Hang the stories in your classroom and encourage the students to try and guess who wrote which story. Oh! The Places You'll Go! Oh! The Places Youll Go! is a delightful and imaginative story from Dr. Seuss that focuses on the many places you will journey to as your life unfolds. A fun activity for students of all ages is to plan out what they will do in their lives. Write the following story starters on the board, and encourage students to write a few sentences after each writing prompt. By the end of this month, I hope to...By the end of the school year, I hope to...When I am 18 I hope to...When I am 40 I hope to...When I am 80 I hope to...My goal in life is to... For younger students, you can tailor the questions and have them focus on small goals like doing better in school and getting onto a sports team. Older students can write about their life goals and what they would like to accomplish in the future. Using Math for "One Fish, Two Fish" One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish is a Dr. Seuss classic. It is also a great book to use to incorporate math. You can use Goldfish  crackers to teach younger students how to make and use a graph. For older students, you can have them create their own word problems using the imaginative rhymes of the story. Examples might include, How much could a Yink drink in 5 minutes if he had 2 eight-ounce glasses of water? or How much would 10 Zeds cost? Host a Dr. Seuss Party Whats the best way to celebrate a birthday? With a party, of course! Here are a few creative ideas to help you incorporate Dr. Seuss characters and rhymes into your party: Hang kites from the classroom ceiling (Great Day for Up!)Have students wear non-matching or silly socks to the party (Fox in Sox)Place red and blue Goldfish crackers on the party tables and have students go fishing for fake fish (One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish)Decorate the classroom with stars (Sneetches)Add green food dye to eggs and serve Green Eggs and Ham

Organizational Change Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Change Paper - Essay Example This vision must encompass a vision for future - a vision which can virtually transforms people to be more enthusiastic. Further, to achieve transformation of an organization, it is critical that the same vision must be successfully sold to all stakeholders i.e. to employees as well as shareholders and consumers who must accept how their future is going to look like if that vision is going to be followed. It is also critical that the transformational change must find its way i.e. strategies must be developed to realize that vision and change besides ensuring that leadership must take charge of the transformation taking place within the organization. Apple Computers or Apple is one such company which completely transformed itself during last 10 years by adopting innovative and transformation business practices. This paper will analyze how the transformational changes impacted its workforce and external stakeholders besides analyzing how those changes took place within the context of transformation. Apple has a very troubled history as it failed to achieve market share despite being one of the early pioneers in computer hardware and software manufacturing. With the removal of Steve Jobs, founder of Apple Computers, company further plunged into crisis and were virtually on the brink of collapse when return of Steve Jobs resurrected the company and transformed it into one of the best consumer brands in the world. Apple's transformation is the result of visionary leadership and a marked change in the way company was operating. It transformed itself from a mere computer manufacturing firm to a firm which is now more of a consumer electronics goods manufacturer. This transformation was the result of drastic changes into cost cutting and control, rationalization of existing product lines, improving upon the distribution system of the company as well as introducing new products. (Hays, 2007). However, above all there was complete transformation into two of the following key areas: Employee Skills & Stakeholders One of the earliest impacts of such transformation at Apple was the fact that employees of the organizations were taken on-board regarding the change i.e. they were involved in the whole process of bringing that change. One of the actions which Apple took while starting transformation was the fact that they radically changed the designs of its products to make them more sleek and attractive. This was done basically to create luxurious products for masses however, what is most important is the fact that employees were part of that whole process of design especially engineers at the firm were involved heavily in the process. Therefore, the skills required by management and employees to accommodate change were to be part of that process. Steve Jobs achieved the same by involving employees into this supposed transformation. Further, as a leader and manger, Steve Jobs communicated that change internally as well as externally i.e. to external stakeholders such as shareholders and consumers where as employees as internal stakeholders. Further, it is also critical to understand that as a transformational process was under its way, Apple also implemented programs to continuously grow and learn in order to anticipate market changes more easily. Support Systems In order to accommodate ch

Policy Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policy Paper - Assignment Example In addition, certain malware programs are meant to transfer information regarding website activities to third parties (Vacca, 2013). The security policy addresses antivirus, spyware, and adware in a medium-sized organization. If defines the handling of computer gadgets in the organization including how regularly computer software maintenance is expected to be performed, the manner in which computer updates are conducted, the type of programs to be installed and used on computers. The policy also defines the means by which prevention and removal of malware programs from computers is done (Aycock, 2011). It also denotes the types of files attachments to be blocked at the mail server, anti-virus and anti-spyware programs to be run on the server. The policy also specifies whether the use an anti-spam firewall is acceptable in order to offer additional security measures to the mail server (Aycock, 2011). It also specifies the manner in which files should be availed to the trusted sites and the examination process to determine unwanted or hostile content. A virus has the ability to replicate and distribute to other programs in the computer (Aycock, 2011). It also causes damage by using up computer memory, reformatting the hard disk and deleting files. A spyware automatically gathers information from a computer and online activities and transfers it to other interested parties. Adware is financially supported or that which offers financial support to a different program through the display of ads when a computer is connected to the internet (Aycock, 2011). This policy is applicable to all computers and servers that are connected or associated with the organization network through wireless connections, standard network connections, virtual private network connections or modem connections. The policy explicitly includes computers owned by the organization, individuals or sharing the organization’s network. The computer

New Paradigm for HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New Paradigm for HR - Essay Example Most of the organizations are using human resources as an important source of competitive advantage, however Losey, Meisinger, & Ulrich (2005) have presented different challenges and dilemmas in this regard. COMPELLING ISSUES HIGHLIGHTED BY AUTHOR: Some of the main issues highlighted by the author are as follow: 1. Increased Diversity among the workforce: owing to increasing globalization and free trade there have been different cross cultural issues in the multinational organizations. The employees belong to different ethnic and cultural backgrounds and as a result makes it difficult for the management to control and manage the human resource. 2. New Logic for Human Resource: Losey, Meisinger, & Ulrich (2005) have presented new logic for human resource in order to avoid cross cultural and diversity issues. This includes the three Rs paradigm i.e. recognize, respect, and reconciliation. 3. The war for Talent: should there be fresh hiring or the old employees should be retained 4. Iss ues in Selection and Recruitment: old abilities versus new talent and potential EVALUATION OF THE AUTHORS POSITION: The authors are of the idea that the organizations should implement the principle of ‘think globally and act locally’. The organizations should strive to capture the international markets but at the same time should adapt to the local culture and preferences. The human resource personnel faces different issues and challenges while deciding for important human resource decisions. There is difference in the view points of people from different cultures and backgrounds. According to the authors, the HR managers and decision makers should focus on the three Rs framework i.e. recognize, respect, and reconciliation. The decision makers at first place should recognize the explicit and implicit differences in the approaches, ideas, and values. Secondly, they should respect the differences and viewpoints of other people. And finally, there should be reconciliation in all different views and opinions which in turn will eliminate all tensions and issues related to HR policies. SUPPORTING DATA: These difference in opinions because of diversity is not only restricted to the HR functions and decisions of the organization but is also faced by other functions like marketing. Trompennars and Wooliams (2004), in their article ‘A new paradigm for Marketing Across Cultures’ have presented the same three Rs framework i.e. recognize, respect, and reconciliation in HR. According to them in order to come up with effective and efficient marketing strategies and decisions for different cultures and nations, the marketing professionals should learn to recognize, respect, and reconcile different opinions and cultural viewpoints. Apart from this different researchers have presented the idea of managing the diversity among the organization by bringing a harmony among different views and opinions. OPPOSING VIEW POINT: There have been different researc hes in order to come up with effective and efficient strategies in order to combat with diversity management. There have been different viewpoints in this regard. According to the Roberge and Dick (2010), diversity among the workforce results in increasing the overall productivity and performance of the organization. The view presented by Roberge and Dick (2010), is different from that of Losey, Mesinger, and Ulrich (2005). The formers are of the view that the different opinio

Physiological Changes Of Aging Biology Essay

Physiological Changes Of Aging Biology Essay Aging does not give a good feeling to most human beings because of the diseases and problems associated with it. History has it that most individuals have always tried to stave off aging and death. The affluent often seek lamb cell injection in medical centers in search of youthfulness. Many people take mega doses of vitamin E all in the hope of attaining the fountain of youth. Aging is the continuous and irreversible decline in the efficiency of several physiological processes. It is considered to occur once the reproductive phase of life has passed (Lata, 2007). In actual fact, aging starts as a developmental process starts at conception. In recent times, aging has become a deeply rooted social issue with anti-aging therapies taking the center stage in the magazines, newspapers and the general media. The etiology of aging is important to be understood but it is more crucial to differentiate the normal physiological changes from the changes brought about by diseases. Individuals exp erience the physiological changes differently. Main Body Physiological changes arise with aging in all the human organ system. Progressive functional decline and the gradual deterioration of the physiological with increase in age include a decrease in productiveness and loss of viability. The aging person becomes vulnerable to diseases and become susceptible Cardio-vascular system The heart muscles especially on the left ventricle become weak. The heart valves degenerate and are calcificated. The artery walls cease to be elastic. This loss of elasticity is also known as arteriosclerosis. The cardiac output and baroreceptor sensitivity significantly decrease. The decrease in blood flow leads to reduction in stamina. The hepatic and renal functions are also decreased. The nourishment of the cells gradually becomes less. The blood pressure response to volume depletion, standing and heart blocks becomes impaired (Boss, 1981). Respiratory system The lung tissue and the airways become less elastic and the cilia activity is reduced. The uptake and exchange of oxygen is decreased. The muscles of the rib cage wear out thus reducing the ability of the person to breath deeply expel carbon dioxide or even cough. The perfusion/ventilation mismatch is a common occurrence and it results in reduced stamina with fatigue and shortness in breathing. Oral cavity Most aging individuals experience loss in bones and tissues around the mouth may be infected with diseases. As a result of infections, more than 50 percent of people who are above 60 years of age loose their teeth especially those who are not keen on the health of their mouth. These lead the individual to be choosy about the food they consume. The choice of food that is easy to chew lead to reduction in consumption of fruits and vegetables that are high in dietary fiber. Musculo-skeletal system There is generalized wear of all the muscles in the body accompanied by replacement of the muscle tissue by fat deposits. This has the effect of loss of some muscle strength and tone. More specific implication of this is significant reduction in the ability to breathe deeply. The gastro-intestinal activity is reduced and can lead to bladder incontinence or constipation. Calcium is lost and bones generally become less dense. This may result to osteoporosis and reduction in ability to bear weight. As a consequence, the chances of spontaneous fractures are increased. The vertebrae can calcify resulting in postural changes. Body joints also experience change. The degenerative inflammation of the joints, also know as arthritis, is a common persistent condition among the elderly. Gastrointestinal system As age increases, the stomach cellsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ability to secrete digestive juice is reduced. The secretion of hydrochloric acid, saliva and digestive enzymes decreases. This has the effect of interference with digestion of protein. There is decrease of secretion of intrinsic factor which is crucial for absorption of vitamin B12. The changes may lead to impaired swallowing, gastrointestinal distress and one may experience delayed emptying of the stomach. The small intestine becomes less able to absorb some nutrients. There have been cases where the elderly suffer from cramps and even diarrhea after consuming dairy products containing lactose. This may be as a result of lack of lactase. Constipation may be experienced as a result of distorted gastrointestinal spontaneous movements, inactivity and weak muscle (webdietitian.com, 2010). Sexuality Sexual performance and desire may be a reality even with aging. However, the frequency may diminish. Changes that are experienced by women as they age include atrophy of the ovarian, uterine vaginal tissues with a significant decrease in vaginal fluid production resulting in dry vaginal mucosa. Women also experience menopause with diverse hormonal changes. Physiological changes in men include reduction in production of sperms and the prostate increase in size. The sperm count is reduced and the viability is reduced. There is decreased libido and ejaculation is delayed. For both men and women, more stimulation becomes a requirement for them to become aroused and even more time to achieve an orgasm. Menopause is one of the main indications of aging. It is among the changes that are apparent in relation to age-related changes. It occurs due to the disappearance of oocytes from the ovary. Most women after menopause experience hot flashes or vasomotor instability. Sensory changes In order to gather information, synthesis and internalize, senses play a central role. The ability to take part in social interactions is affected by the senses. With age, there occur changes in vision. At about forty to fifty years, the pupil starts to decrease in size. The response to light is decreased. As a result, the amount of illumination required by the aging person is increased as compared to a younger person. Focusing for such a person takes longer and there are significantly higher chances of nearsightedness. There occurs loss of accommodation which makes it hard to read. Reading from a close distance may become difficult, a condition also known as resbyopia. It can be corrected by putting on glasses with convex lenses. The lens of the eye may start thickening and yellowing. Once this happens, light is diffracted, the depth perception is decreased, sensitivity to glare is increased and it becomes hard to distinguish pastel colors. Change in hearing ability also occurs with age. The sensitivity to high frequency tones decrease. The ability to differentiate similar pitches decrease due to changes in the cochlear hair cells and bones of the inner ear. The other significant sensory change is in smell and taste. It is imperative to note that the two are interrelated and equally important. They are both crucial for eating and checking for hazards in the environment. They are useful for detecting spoilt food, fumes and smoke. After the age of eighty, the reduction in the number of taste buds leads to a decline in the ability to taste. Some elderly people experience a drastic decline in their ability to smell. This usually results from disease or blockage of the olfactory receptors in the upper sinus. After the age of twenty five every human being losses nerve cells. With time, this results in reduction in efficiency of nerve transmission which impact on coordination and response time. However, research has shown that these physiological and anatomical changes limitedly impair the actual intellectual functioning related to the process of aging (Lata, 2007). Intelligence is associated with a wide range of abilities that gives one the avenue to make sense of experiences. They include the ability to think conceptually, comprehend new information, and make rational decisions and verbal fluency amongst others. Some abilities such as the ability to think abstractly are biologically determined and are known as Fluid Intelligence. There are those intellectual abilities that reflect the skills and knowledge an individual has gained through life experiences. These abilities are known as Crystallized intelligence. Tests on intelligence have shown somehow poorer performance on by older person s on fluid intelligence. There are indications that there is little or no difference on tests of crystallized intelligence. Reduced efficiency of nerve transmission in the brain result in poor processing of information and loss of information during the transmission may be blamed for the poor performance in tests on older people (Magalhaes, 2008). Personality changes The best aspect of change that has been documented in regard to personality change due to aging is increased preoccupation with oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s inner self. These include greater attention to individual feelings and attention to personal feelings and experiences and reduction in extraversion. Another aspect that has been observed is gender role identity. Men tend to be more nurturing, affiliation seeking and expressive as they advance in age. Women tend to be more achievement-oriented and instrumental. Conclusion Many of the interlinked physiological changes are as complex as the biological processes of the body. Even though there has been a progressively monumental research in aging but the middle ground on the theory of aging on one specific aspect is yet to be established. Physiological changes do not occur uniformly for all individuals but are jointly affected by genetic and environmental factors. This fact further heightens the difficulty of finding a universal theory regarding aging. Universal in this case means what the human race is involved in terms of the global-aging phenomenon. The temptation to regard many of the age-related so-called diseases as the end of normal physiological changes is high for most people. The distinction between the erosion in function of pathological and normal aging states should be unmistakably delineated. The diseases that arise in the elderly should be well separated from the signs of aging in order to give the right attention to the two different phenomena. Deep understanding of the normal physiological changes and those changes caused by diseases make it easy for the clinicians to diagnose and manage the elderly. The failure of a clinician to recognize the differences may lead to unnecessary clinical testing, misdiagnosis of the aging person and eventual mismanagement. The problems that are associated with ageing can be managed through use of glasses, intake of adequate vitamins, and consumption of green vegetables rich in antioxidants among other ways. Some people may have dramatic and rapid levels of decline yet others may have much less significant changes. Although aging is a genetically determined process, environmental factors often have an impact on the aging process. Some environments may accelerate aging while others may not interfere with the aging process.

Hiroshima Essay -- essays research papers

The most significant theme in John Hersey’s book â€Å"Hiroshima† are the long- term effects of war, confusion about what happened, long term mental and physical scars, short term mental and physical scars, and people being killed. The confusing things after the A-bomb was dropped on Hiroshima where that the city had been wiped out, all means of communication where gone, all the roads and street signes where wiped out, destroyed or blocked by collapsed buildings â€Å"†¦saw through the darkness that all the houses in her neighbourhood had collapsed.†1 People not knowing what had happened as there had been no siting of a plane before the bomb was dropped, not being sure if a bomb or a fire had caused all the damage â€Å"The Americans are dropping gasoline. They’re going to set fire to us!†, and not knowing what the site effects of the bomb would be on the people and land such as acid rain â€Å"The drops grew abnormally large.†2 The long-term mental and physical scars left on the people of Hiroshima would have been not knowing what happened to family members, and friends who where missing and still are missing to this day, â€Å"You’ve go to find him†3, and â€Å"†¦.search for him.†4 The physical scars left on the people of Hiroshima after the bombing are, organ damage, disease, accelerated aging, eye brows burnt off and skin damaged on faces and hands. People forgetting what Americans did to Japanese civilians, by dropping that awful thing, â€Å"He was slowing a bit. His memory, like the world’s was gettin...

Evolution of the Erp Systems Essay

American Production and Inventory Control Society (2001) defines ERP as an â€Å"accounting system† for â€Å"effective planning and controlling of all the resources needed to take, make, ship and account for customer orders in a manufacturing, distribution or service company†. ERP system creates values for the enterprises because successful implementation enhances the overall functions of the enterprise, reduces resource wastages, saves time and cuts down on total cost. By having a system which models after some of the best practices in the industry and adheres readily to the laws and regulations, these enterprises gain competitive advantages over their industry rivals. The purpose of this research paper provides discussion on how ERP systems evolve from the â€Å"ancient† Legacy systems, describes the features and structure of an ERP/ ERP II system and compares the top five ERP vendors’ most popular products. The last section concludes with the future outlook of ERP II systems. Legacy Systems Legacy systems are systems that â€Å"no longer support the current business objectives or are inhibiting future developments† (Kelly 2004). The â€Å"ancient† Legacy systems mentioned here refer to the obsolete I. T systems during or before the mid 20th Century. They functioned within a department (silos of information) to fulfill narrow and limited job processes. At that time, departmental heads and staff seldom communicated among themselves (stovepipes). This led to inefficient and inaccurate data duplications. (O’leary 2000). Evolution of the ERP Systems â€Å"Ancient† Legacy systems of the 1960s used the mainframe technology to automate their inventory control (IC) systems with IC software packages implemented and customized in-house to suit the functional business concepts of information silos and stovepipes. The programming languages were COBOL, FORTRAN and ALGOL (Rashid, Hossain & Patrick 2002; Pairat 2005; Monk and Wagner 2009). Back then, Bill of Material (BOM) calculated the inventory demands for all item parts required for product assemblies during manufacturing. By the 1970s, the manufacturing businesses were growing with more complexities. As BOM overlooked the planning process, Work Centre Routing existed as a production process planner. BOM, Routing, Inventory Management and the Master Production Schedule (MPS) combined to form an automated system called Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP) for controlling and optimizing inventory level, production planning, sales forecasting and scheduling of the major items on the shop floor. Anderson 2001). MRP II evolved from MRP as a response to Total Quality Management (TQM) in the 1980s. By integrating MRP with the other management functions of the enterprise such as Engineering, Project Management, Logistics, Finance, Sales, Marketing and Human Resources, feedbacks for production decision making processes became more efficient and resource optimizations were realized (Anderson 2001). The advancements in Telecommunications devices, network architecture, Database Management System (DBMS), sophisticated software development and programming languages in UNIX and C paved the favourable way for an integrated information system (Monk and Wagner 2009). Economic recession in the late 1980s urged companies to shift their focus into cross functional business processes. In addition, Hammer and Champy (1993) envisioned an enterprise-wide integration system for a Business Process Reengineering (BPE). These factors prompted the I. T System Vendors to respond with a tightly knitted centralized ERP system (with a single database) which integrates all the functions of a world-wide organization to ensure operational excellence, automation of the internal system and the ability to handle multiple currencies and international languages (Subramoniam et al. 2009). Features and Structure of An ERP/ ERP II System Nowadays, the era for ERP II systems has â€Å"Extended ERP† by adding applications for external parties supplying the business transactions and market analysis to the core EPR modules. ERP system benefits medium enterprises in all industries instead of only the large organizations with applications such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Knowledge Management (KM), Inventory Optimization the rest (Mallick 2011; Nicolescu et al. 2009). ERP system and ERP II system use either Two-tier or Three-tier Architecture. Two-tier client–server Architecture simplifies the number of disparate systems in an organization. An ERP solution runs on a server while several concurrent users run the same standardized template (equal server-load) in other locations of the other layer. End users work on the Presentation layer and Business layer. Access to the Database layer is restricted from their PCs. (Anderson 2001; Gill 2011; Howitz 2010). Whereas Three-tier Architecture separates the Client-Tier (Presentation layer) from its Application Server (Business logic layer) to minimize interaction between them.

Creation of the Roman Empire Essays

Creation of the Roman Empire Essays Creation of the Roman Empire Paper Creation of the Roman Empire Paper The contributions of the Roman heritage on the modern West cannot be overemphasized. Even from ancient times the Roman Republic, and later the Roman Empire, was regarded as a successful template for all of civilization. The Romans had a superb ability to organize and administer to the needs of their citizens and also developed a tremendous legal system that is fundamentally in use even today. In the early republic, social divisions determined the shape of politics. Political power was in the hands of the aristocracy – the patricians. They dominated the affairs of state, provided military leadership in time of war, and monopolized knowledge of law and legal procedure. The common people – the small farmers, artisans, and landless urban dwellers – had few of the patricians advantages. They did, however, have a voice in politics but were mostly overshadowed by the patricians. One of the greatest institutions of the republic was the formation of the Senate, a council of noble elders who advised the king. The creation of several assemblies through which laws and policy decisions were made provided the foundation for a structured government in Rome. In comparing historical Roman political bodies to that of the present day United States it is easy to understand the influence that Roman history had on the framers of our own constitution and system of government. The Roman senate retains its name and also its function. The Roman consuls relate to our countrys legislative assembly while a Roman praetor most closely resembles a judge or attorney. The Roman system of law was one of the earliest in history to enforce the belief that all men were created equal and are the basis of modern civil law. Roman law also established the precedent that the burden of proof weighed on the accuser, creating the belief that someone is innocent until proven guilty. It also stated that a person could not be punished for a thought but only an action.

Educating Rita †Scene I

Educating Rita – Scene I Free Online Research Papers Educating Rita is a play written by Willy Russell in Thatherite Britain in the early 1980’s, when the role of women was to earn a living for the family and produce children to carry on the family name. Rita is a young hairdresser working in Liverpool and she is about to embark on an educating journey of finding herself through the teaching of an Open University. Frank is a university lecturer and will be teaching Rita what she wants to know about literature and another world outside of her own. Russell has interpreted the character of Rita as a copy of himself. This is because he was also a hairdresser and went to a night school to do his O levels before he became a famous writer. When we first see Frank he is in his office and appears to be looking for a book on the shelf. The audience then realises that he is actually looking for a bottle of whisky that he has hidden behind a book. This is symbolic for that Frank is hiding his drinking problems behind his work and education. Another example of Frank hiding his problems away from others is that when he drinks the whisky from a mug. This is so people won’t see his problems and the contents of the mug. The first time in which Rita in introduced to the play is her first encounter of what it’s like in Frank’s world. She gets to Frank’s door but it appears that it is stuck. She struggles to enter but eventually she gets in. This problem with the door is symbolic for that Rita will find it very hard to get I to the way of living in an educated environment. This door is also symbolic the next time Rita goes to the University. This is because she brings some oil and tries fixing the faulty door. This shows her determination to get an education and how much she wants to learn. When Rita first enters Frank’s office she is amazed. She never sits down and goes straight to the window. Throughout the play whenever she is in the office she goes to the window. Looking down at the â€Å"real students† studying on the grass. This is what Rita dreams of being. A â€Å"real student†. Frank has a picture of a naked woman on the wall. This is one of the first things that Rita notices. She says, â€Å"It’s very erotic.† And Franks reply is just â€Å"Erm yes, I suppose it is-â€Å". This shows that Frank hasn’t looked at the painting in a very long time. He also seems to have lost all interest in art and women. Both Frank and Rita both have completely different ways of living. They also have very different accents. Rita’s is a strong Liverpudlien accent whilst Frank talks with Received Pronunciation. This is where he doesn’t have an accent. It could be said that he speaks the standard way. Frank also speaks in Standard English. This is where he says his words like they are written in the dictionary and everyone will understand what he means. Also Rita swears a lot. She doesn’t know how to act in different situations so she just acts the way she normally does at home. By swearing and using inappropriate taboo language. Examples of her bad language are â€Å"tits† â€Å"sod† and â€Å"fuckin’†. Examples of Rita’s accent interpreted in the writing of the play are â€Å"y’† which is meant to be you and â€Å"won’ I† which is meant to be won’t I. Frank and Rita sometimes get confused with each other on several occasions in the play. Some examples of this are when Frank is referring to the poet â€Å"Yeats† Rita thinks he is talking about â€Å"Yates’s† the wine lodge. This is probably the most important point in the play because it shows that Frank and Rita come from completely different ways of life. Rita speaks with a lot of dysphemism. This is where the language she uses is shocking and impolite. Examples of this are when she is talking about the woman on the painting she says â€Å"tits†. The euphemistic way of saying this could be breasts. Frank speaks with a lot of euphenism. This is the way of saying something in the polite terms. He does this when Rita is saying that she is stupid and not bright enough to be a real â€Å"student†. Instead of just agreeing with Rita, Frank says, â€Å"it’s supposed to embrace a more comprehensive studentship†. Now of course Rita wouldn’t understand what Frank had just said but it is a more polite way of agreeing with her. The main themes of Educating Rita are Self-discovery, change and escapism. Russell establishes the differences between Frank and Rita by typing Rita’s accent differently, by showing that Frank speaks all his words like they are spelt in the Dictionary and so on. Research Papers on Educating Rita - Scene IThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTrailblazing by Eric AndersonAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Reflaction Paper (Earth Science) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflaction Paper (Earth Science) - Essay Example I found the discussions about the tectonic plates to be fascinating. I especially liked the parts about the shifting of the tectonic plates and the natural disaster results. I would like to know more about these phenomena, and how to avoid the injuries and catastrophic damage that occurs when these shifts happen. How global warming will affect the next generation? With the increasing usage of fossil fuels worldwide, I think the effects of global warming are the most troublesome and threatening to mine and the next generation. Global warming is affecting the temperatures, the biology and botany of the planet, the air quality, the water levels, the plant life and the populations around the world. This increasingly dangerous event is contributing to the widespread emergencies of drought and famine, flooding and polar ice melts. Glaciers are melting every day. The rain forest is decreasing each day. The beaches are eroding. The rains are increasing, with monsoons and hurricanes. The wind currents are producing terrible tornadoes, all because of the global warming effect. ` Most disturbing of all, is the rapidly increasing death toll caused by mosquitoes that breed from the pools of stagnant water. In Africa last year alone, over 1 million people died of dengue fever. It is expected that dengue fever, carried by a mosquito, will be the world’s next endemic.

Service value evaluation on the restaurant in London Dissertation

Service value evaluation on the restaurant in London - Dissertation Example Additionally, the researcher will also present a glimpse of the survey questionnaire which will be used to gather primary data. Lastly, limitations to the adopted methodology will also be presented for readers’ understanding. 2. AdoptedMethodology In order to plan and align activities with the research schedule, research methodology plays a vital role in outlining a roadmap. On the other hand, adopted research methodology clarifies the guidelines and principles that should be strictly followed by the researcher to successfully complete the study. Reliability of the primary data is also relied on the selection of appropriate research methodology in order to develop a valid conclusion and set of recommendations by the end of the research work (Kothari, 2004). Keeping this in view, two types of research methodologies are available to researchers. One is qualitative, and the other one is quantitative research methodology. Qualitative researchers are those, which tends on to explai n natural phenomenon pertaining to the area under study. In qualitative researches, researcher observes a natural phenomenon and interprets it according to his personal approach towards the area of study. Qualitative researchers are widely known as multi-method approach which includes interpretive and naturalistic view on the area which is being examined by the researchers (Gillham, 2000). It is important for the researchers that they conduct qualitative researches in natural settings and build logic with the help of theories around the answers presented against the research questions. The data retrieved for completing a qualitative research study is retrieved from sources that provide detailed answers to the research questions. These sources of information can be interviews, focus group discussion, personal observation and etc. Another important aspect that needs to be noticed here is that, qualitative researches are based on inductive approach usually as it requires researchers to explore phenomenon and implicate the findings to the general environment (Crowther & Lancaster, 2012; Gordon & Marian, 2006). Then there is quantitative approach to research work which requires researchers to support the findings of the study with the help of statistical data. Research works based on quantitative approach are considered as more authentic than qualitative approach as it supports the findings of the study scientifically. On the other hand, quantitative research works are based on deductive approach as they rule out the findings which are not reliable and focus only on those findings, which are scientifically proven by statistical figures and justified by the previous work conducted on the same subject. Researches that are based on quantitative approach are generally more reliable as they look for cause and effect to build up a suitable conclusion and recommendation part. Keeping the discussion pertaining to quantitative researches, it can be asserted that quantitativ e researchers are more reliable and authentic as compared to qualitative research methods (Jackson, 2010). Keeping in view the context and aim of the present study, the researcher has adopted quantitative approach to research work, i.e. the researcher will use both quantitative research methodology to ensure the authenticity of the primary research with the help of statistical testing. By doing this, the researcher wi

Summaries of the articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summaries of the articles - Article Example The course that I am doing is purely about marketing. It involves who businesses should correctly market themselves in order to achieve the competitive advantage. The factors that affect the business environment are the same things that appear in my course. Therefore, this article is relevant in helping me confirm the things that I have learnt about the business environment. Understanding these factors from a different source is significant to allowing me to better understand the course or simply how marketing works. I learnt the variables, which form the environment of marketing strategy planning. I now comprehend why company goals are significant in directing marketing strategy planning. I also now see how the resources of a business influence the search for opportunities. I also know how the diverse forms of competitive situations influence strategy planning. Finally, I understand how the technological and economic environment can influence strategy

In Memoriam (Tennyson) Essay Example for Free

In Memoriam (Tennyson) Essay The poem is not, nonetheless, merely a way to express personal grief. Even though the â€Å"I† of In Memoriam is at times totally linked with the poet. Tennyson, the poet himself alleged that it is recurrently proposed to symbolize how the human race expresses and communicates through him. The individual sorrow and uncertainty became a microcosm for the distress being beared by the men and women of the 19th century who had been moving away from faith in traditional religion, as the evolvements in science were getting on to the ending that as such there was no divine hand which existed to guide. The speaker actually gets troubled through the loss he has beared but he gradually consents to the notion that, regardless of the external signs of confusion, and disorder the world actually becoming a better place to live in; his friend Hallam enters in to be seen as a messenger of a superior reace which will show way to humankind to lead them to God. Tennyson shifts alternately from insensitive misery to self-awareness and gets too see that writing poetry is an antidote for pain. Poems 9 through 17 make up a cluster amalgamated by the poet’s thought on the arrival of Hallam’s body through the ship from Italy. A calmer anguish now encompasses his heart. This anguish due to grief gradually make the mind even firmer, but the more deeper the sorrows are than words keep closed within in his heart. He commences on not to display his emotions openly but as he should (Richard, 2004). As a consequence, In Memoriam portrays the chief Victorian clash of science and faith to be the true work of its era; Tennyson’s effort to settle any sort of doubts that are based on religion which take birth from his not public sorrow and the outcomes of pre-Darwinian theories which are associated to succession were cut down by thinkers of his time as a reasonable landmark. The cyclic modification in the turn from personal anguish and desolation to the bigger vision of the public and apprehension for wider, social problems that can be seen in this poem reveal Tennyson’s mounting reception of and settlement with the issues of his age. As the elegy gets to its ending, the poet becomes more strongly influenced. His love, even though was seen on their preceding earthly association, is â€Å"vaster passion† which is now that Hallam’s incidence is spiritual and subtle through God and nature. The elegy ends up with the self-assured statement of the poet which shows that the living are real and will supplementarily move humanity’s measures and of the faith in its real sense that will not be highlighted only after death. Form The poem is not, nonetheless, merely a way to express personal grief. Even though the â€Å"I† of In Memoriam is at times totally linked with the poet. Tennyson, the poet himself alleged that it is recurrently proposed to symbolize how the human race expresses and communicates through him. The individual sorrow and uncertainty became a microcosm for the distress being beared by the men and women of the 19th century who had been moving away from faith in traditional religion, as the evolvements in science were getting on to the ending that as such there was no divine hand which existed to guide. The speaker actually gets troubled through the loss he has beared but he gradually consents to the notion that, regardless of the external signs of confusion, and disorder the world actually becoming a better place to live in; his friend Hallam enters in to be seen as a messenger of a superior reace which will show way to humankind to lead them to God. As a consequence, In Memoriam portrays the chief Victorian clash of science and faith to be the true work of its era; Tennyson’s effort to settle any sort of doubts that are based on religion which take birth from his not public sorrow and the outcomes of pre-Darwinian theories which are associated to succession were cut down by thinkers of his time as a reasonable landmark. The cyclic modification in the turn from personal anguish and desolation to the bigger vision of the public and apprehension for wider, social problems that can be seen in this poem reveal Tennyson’s mounting reception of and settlement with the issues of his age (Matthew, 2002). Style Tennyson shifts alternately from insensitive misery to self-awareness and gets too see that writing poetry is an antidote for pain. Poems 9 through 17 make up a cluster amalgamated by the poet’s thought on the arrival of Hallam’s body through the ship from Italy. A calmer anguish now encompasses his heart. This anguish due to grief gradually make the mind even firmer, but the more deeper the sorrows are than words keep closed within in his heart. He commences on not to display his emotions openly but as he should. As the elegy gets to its ending, the poet becomes more strongly influenced. His love, even though was seen on their preceding earthly association, is â€Å"vaster passion† which is now that Hallam’s incidence is spiritual and subtle through God and nature. The elegy ends up with the self-assured statement of the poet which shows that the living are real and will supplementarily move humanity’s measures and of the faith in its real sense that will not be highlighted only after death. Because I Could Not Stop for Death Form The tone, or the emotional position of the speaker in this particular poem, is highly significant and the deception in â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death.† Although the theme is related to death, it is not a serious sad thing to talk over. In disagreement, Death is shown to be equal to a wooer in which emerges as fundamentally a fable, with abstractions constantly incarnate. overwhelmed by Death’s consideration and patience, the speaker responds by adding to her aside her work and free time (Vendler, 2004). One sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear. The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Style Death is a mostly a concern of Dickinson’s poetry. Usually in order to make means of exploration, she will surely check that its objectification all the way through a persona who has already died. The truth is that life is short and death is long. Perhaps in this sobering truth one may find that Dickinson’s poem is as much about life about how one ought to redeem it from the banal as it is about death(Laurence, 2004). One sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear. The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Content Death appears personified in this poem as a courtly beau who gently insists that the speaker put aside both â€Å"labor† and â€Å"leisure.† He arrives in his carriage, having stopped for her because she could not have stopped for him, and he even submits to a chaperone, â€Å"Immortality,† for the length of their outing together. It was not Death, for I stood up† Riddling becomes less straightforward, but no less central, in such a representative Dickinson poem as â€Å"It was not Death, for I stood up† (#510), in which many of her themes and techniques appear. The first third of the poem, two stanzas of the six, suggest what the â€Å"it† is not: death, night, frost, or fire. Each is presented in a couplet, but even in those pairs of lines, Dickinson manages to disconcert her reader. It is not death, for the persona is standing upright, the difference between life and death reduced to one of posture. Nor is it night, for the bells are chimin g noon — but Dickinson’s image for that fact is also unnatural. The bells are mouths, their clappers tongues, which are â€Å"Put out†; personification here does not have the effect of making the bells more human, but of making them grotesque, breaking down as it does the barriers between such normally discrete worlds as the mechanical and the human, a distinction that Dickinson often dissolves. Moreover, the notion of the bells sticking out their tongues suggests their contemptuous attitude toward man. In stanza two, it is not frost because hot winds are crawling on the persona’s flesh. The hackneyed phrase is reversed, so it is not coolness, but heat that makes flesh crawl, and not the flesh itself that crawls, but the winds upon it; nor is it fire, for the persona’s marble feet â€Å"Could keep a Chancel, cool.† Again, the persona is dehumanized, now grotesquely marble. While accomplishing this, Dickinson has also begun her inclusion of sense data, pervasive in the first part of the poem, so that the confrontation is not only intellectual and emotional but physical as well (Hood, 2000). The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Thus, one sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear (Barton ,2008) Conclusion In this paper we have analysed two brilliant works of poetry, one In Memoriam by Tennyson as compared to Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Dickinson. We have analysed both the works in terms of their content, form and style and evaluate how they have been done by their respective writers. References Barton, A. (2008). Tennyson’s Name: Identity and Responsibility in the Poetry of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate,. Hood, J. (2000). Divining Desire: Tennyson and the Poetics of Transcendence. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, Laurence. M. (2004). W. Alfred Tennyson: The Critical Legacy. Rochester, N.Y.: Camden House, Matthew, C.( 2002). The Consolation of Otherness: The Male Love Elegy in Milton, Gray, and Tennyson. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland,. Richard,B. (2004). Experience and Faith: The Late-Romantic Imagination of Emily Dickinson. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, Lundin, Roger. Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 2004. Vendler, H. (2004). Hennessey. Poets Thinking: Pope, Whitman, Dickinson, Yeats. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.